![forward and reverse motor h bridge forward and reverse motor h bridge](https://i.stack.imgur.com/t0Vmg.jpg)
Flyback diodes are usually used in higher power H-Bridges to protect the rest of the circuit from dangerous voltages that are produced by the motor's coils when the power is disconected. We used only NPN here to simplify the circuit.
![forward and reverse motor h bridge forward and reverse motor h bridge](https://www.engineersgarage.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/l293d-motor-driver-and-h-bridge-circuit_orig-1.png)
Most H-Bridges are built using both NPN and PNP transistors in order to prevent short circuits and optimize current flow. Proper heatsinks will also increase the capacity. Medium power transistors and Power MOSFETs in TO-220 cases can handle significantly more power than the low power TO-92 transistors we're using here. The key to supporting higher power motors is higher power transistors. This is easy when you have a microcontroller at your disposal and can also be accomplished with a 555 or 556 timer IC and a few passives without too much trouble.
![forward and reverse motor h bridge forward and reverse motor h bridge](http://www.ermicro.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/trsw13.jpg)
You can use Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) in place of the two switches to control the speed of the motor. Here are a few tips to take it a step further in order to support larger motors and more power. Now what? The important thing is that you understand how a basic H-Bridge works and that the essentials are the same no matter how much power you're pushing. Okay, so you have a shiny new H-Bridge on a breadboard.
![forward and reverse motor h bridge forward and reverse motor h bridge](https://a.pololu-files.com/picture/0J404.499.gif)
That's enough theory to get started so let's start building. Because only a small current is required to activate a transistor we are able to complete one half of the circuit with a single signal. A transistor acts as a solid state switch that closes when a small current is applied to it's base. Obviously physical switches are impractical since no one is going sit there flipping switches in pairs to get their robot to move forward or in reverse. Note that S1 and S2 or S3 and S4 should never be closed together in order to avoid a short circuit. When S2 and S3 are closed the motor gets power and spins in the other direction. When switches S1 and S4 are closed the motor gets power and spins. The circuit consists of four switches which complete the circuit when applied in pairs. The H-Bridge is given it's name based on the basic circuit which demonstrates it's operation. This is easily demonstrated by applying a 9-volt battery to the leads of a small motor and then switching the terminals to change directions. The motor direction is changed by switching the polarity of the voltage in order to turn the motor one way or the other. Why use Star Delta Starter in Hindi, Why Three Phase Induction Motor Start in Star Winding in Hindi.The H-Bridge is a circuit which can drive a DC motor in forward and reverse.
Forward and reverse motor h bridge how to#
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